Dehing Patkai region which encompasses all the vegetation types due to altitudinal variation ranging from tropical rain forest to Alpine meadows is the repository of maximum concentration of wide verities of many rare and endangered plant and animal species including medicinal plants. According to a survey conducted by State Forest Research Institute, Itanagar, there are hundreds of plant species having medicinal potentiality in this area and Namdapha National Park has the maximum verity of such medicinal plants.

The local tribes, with isolation for centuries and complete dependence on natural resources, have acquired a unique knowledge of using herbs to cure many diseases. Some of them even have herbal practitioners in their society. The author had come across quite a few herbal practitioners who are expert in healing diseases like hypertension, jaundice, malaria, pneumonia, rheumatic pain and diseases relating to womenfolk etc. Among the Khamti tribe, treating bone fracture stands out prominently. Usually a healer maintains a small garden of some important medicinal plants of frequent use. However, many vital medicinal plant materials are collected from the forest.

In recent years there has been some move to involve poor and marginal farmers in the remote and backward places in the cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants having marketing potentialities. With little governmental or institutional support the herbal practitioners may be engaged in the cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants. Small plants may be established in the nearby areas for the extraction of crude products. Government agencies have to be engaged in procurement and marketing of crude products so as to give due benefit to the growers. The cultivation of medicinal and aromatic plants like Pachouli and Geranium has already been initiated in some parts of Assam and Arunachal Pradesh. So, the sustainable use of bio resources holds the key of the future development of the tribal communities residing in the fragile eco-system of the region.